What was it all about?

This project tested whether environmental DNA (eDNA) could be used as a practical tool to improve early detection of pests and diseases in Australian avocado orchards.

The project team successfully developed and validated a range of eDNA sampling and testing methods that can detect priority soil‑borne diseases and other pest groups before clear visual symptoms appear. New DNA tests were developed for brown root rot, alongside existing tests for Phytophthora, and these were shown to work across major avocado‑growing regions.

The project trialled different ways of collecting DNA from orchards, including soil and root samples, plant surface wipes, fruit wash water, air sampling and insect traps. Methods were first tested and refined in Victoria, then applied at commercial orchards in Queensland and Western Australia. The work showed that simple, low‑cost sampling approaches—particularly soil and root sampling combined with air or surface sampling—were effective for detecting fungal pathogens and some insect pests.

The project addressed the challenge of relying on visual inspections and slow laboratory methods, which often detect disease too late. eDNA offers a way to support earlier, more accurate surveillance.

For growers, this research means they will have access to improved tools to support early intervention, better targeting of disease management, and stronger on‑farm biosecurity. Over time, these methods are expected to help reduce losses, protect orchard productivity and support long‑term industry resilience.